Public-Private Partnerships In Healthcare Research Articles

Learning from the End of the Public-Private Partnership for Lesotho's National Referral Hospital Network.

Public-private partnerships (PPP) are one strategy to finance and deliver healthcare in lower-resourced settings. Lesotho's Queen 'Mamohato Memorial Hospital Integrated Network (QMMH-IN) was sub-Saharan Africa's first and largest integrated healthcare PPP. We assessed successes and challenges to performance of the QMMH-IN PPP. We conducted 26 semi-structured interviews among QMMH-IN executive leadership and staff in early 2020. Questions were guided by the WHO Health System Building Blocks Framework. We conducted a thematic analysis. Facilitators of performance included: 1) PPP leadership commitment to quality improvement supported by protocols, monitoring, and actions; 2) high levels of accountability and discipline; and 3) well-functioning infrastructure, core systems, workflows, and internal referral network. Barriers to performance included: 1) human resource management challenges and 2) broader health system and referral network limitations. Respondents anticipated the collapse of the PPP and suggested better investing in training incoming managerial staff, improving staffing, and expanding QMMH-IN's role as a training facility. The PPP contract was terminated approximately five years before its anticipated end date; in mid-2021 the government of Lesotho assumed management of QMMH-IN. Going forward, the Lesotho government and others making strategic planning decisions should consider fostering a culture of quality improvement and accountability; ensuring sustained investments in human resource management; and allocating resources in a way that recognizes the interdependency of healthcare facilities and overall system strengthening. Contracts for integrated healthcare PPPs should be flexible to respond to changing external conditions and include provisions to invest in people as substantively as infrastructure, equipment, and core systems over the full length of the PPP. Healthcare PPPs, especially in lower-resource settings, should be developed with a strong understanding of their role in the broader health system and be implemented in conjunction with efforts to ensure and sustain adequate capacity and resources throughout the health system.

Saudi Vision 2030 and Physician’s Perception of Public-Private Partnerships in Healthcare

This research aimed to assess the existing level of awareness about PPPs among physicians’ at different levels of health care delivery system and their perception on the benefits and potential challenges in implementation of PPPs in Saudi health care system. The study collected information from a total number of 60 health professionals including consultants, specialists, residents and general practitioners who were working in public and private health facilities in Riyadh city. The analysis showed that only one-thirds of respondents had complete understanding of the features of PPPs. About 33% of them identified most of the principles of PPP, whereas 50% of them could identify at least three principles. More than 70% of respondents identified improving access to quality health care to population as one of the major benefits of PPPs. Nearly 60% of them also highlighted that focus of PPP arrangements should be for providing primary health care and emergency care to the citizen. A significant percentage of physicians’ also identified areas like specialist care, radiology services and other laboratory services as focus areas for PPP in Saudi Arabia. However, they perceived many challenges in implementing PPPs, significant of which includes lack of policy driven strategy for PPP and absence of appropriate institutional structure in managing PPPs. The study concludes that there exists a low level of awareness among physicians’ on various aspects of PPPs in health care. The study recommends the need for improving awareness about PPPs among physicians, nurses, pharmacists, laboratory technicians and allied health professionals in the Kingdom.

Государственно-частное партнерство в системе здравоохранения Хабаровского края

Relevance The tasks set for the healthcare system require the attraction of significant resources, primarily financial ones. Public-private partnership (hereinafter referred to as PPP) can become an effective tool for solving some of the tasks set, attract investments and become a serious inductor in the implementation of infrastructure projects, the construction of modern medical organizations. Some forms of PPP may make it possible to raise additional funds for the provision of medical care and the expansion of paid medical services. All this requires a more detailed scientific study of the forms of interaction between PPPs in the healthcare sector. Purpose and objectives of the study The purpose of the study is to increase the effectiveness of interaction between the state and business in the health care of Khabarovsk Krai by developing a set of measures using public-private partnership tools. The objectives of the study included the study of publications and the legal framework, the structure of financing in the system of compulsory health insurance, the study of the level of awareness and willingness to involve healthcare organizers of medical organizations in Khabarovsk Krai in PPP processes, as well as the study of infrastructure facilities subordinate to the Ministry of Health of Khabarovsk Krai. Materials and methods The study used data from open sources, including regulatory legal acts, publications and articles on PPP issues, studied open data from the territorial fund of compulsory medical insurance of Khabarovsk Krai, data from the unified state register of real estate. Also, a survey of health care organizers was conducted using a questionnaire specially designed for the study. Results A classification of public-private partnerships in healthcare has been developed, and the main forms of interaction have been identified. It was determined that from 2020 to 2022, funding for non-state medical organizations increased by 15 %: from 1.001.741.1 thousand rubles to 1.151.886.0 thousand rubles. There is a predominance of funding, including in 2022, of organizations of the Russian Railways system (627.552.0 thousand rubles), as well as organizations providing hemodialysis services (195.913.0 thousand rubles) and radiation diagnostics (219. 265.0 thousand rubles) PPP forms are actively used to solve social problems under the “Older Generation” program, funding for ophthalmology has been significantly increased, the dynamics compared to 2020 is +1975 %. According to the results of a survey of healthcare organizers, 2/3 of the respondents see development prospects, 44 % consider outsourcing to be the most promising, 26 % – concession agreements, 92 % indicate an insufficient level of awareness on PPP issues, 90 % expressed their willingness to take part in educational events. In total, the subordinate organizations of the Ministry of Health of Khabarovsk Krai have 1.369 premises and buildings, 419 (30.1 %) of them are used to provide the main function of medical organizations, and 950 are auxiliary. 187 (44.6 %) out of 419 have over 80 % wear and tear, need either reconstruction, major repairs, or are subject to demolition and construction of new facilities. Conclusion The results of the study allow us to fix the main parameters of the healthcare industry, determine ways for further improvement, and develop a set of measures for the development of public-private partnerships in healthcare. It is necessary to conduct an in-depth scientific study of PPP with the involvement of economists, specialists in the field of state and municipal administration, healthcare organizers, undergraduates and graduate students. A comprehensive comprehensive study will significantly increase the effectiveness of measures to develop public-private partnerships in Khabarovsk Krai.

Public-Private Partnership in Healthcare is a Necessity in Difficult Times: A case study

Healthcare delivery is a risky enterprise for both public and private systems which may face adversity in a volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous world. There has been a global emergence of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) hospitals to enhance delivery of sustainable healthcare, although its existence in developing countries remains limited. Risk management strongly influences PPP success; few PPP hospitals were able to meet contractually specified quality and performance requirements, creating debate regarding merits of the PPP model. Conversely, we present a case study of the first PPP hospital operated by not-for-profit organisation in New South Wales, Australia, to successfully complete the contract period. A Continuous Quality and Performance Improvement Framework was applied at five stages of organisational growth during the contract term. This case study demonstrates adaptive leadership and just organisational culture are equally important in providing high quality healthcare services to the community. We show the future potential of PPP model for service delivery as a third option to pure public or private sector hospitals, even in the post COVID-19 era when there is likelihood of financial instability in many settings.

Driving Factors of Concession Period in Healthcare Public Private Partnerships

Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) play a vital role in infrastructure development and public service delivery, with government entities collaborating with private sector organizations to achieve shared goals in the long term. An essential aspect of PPP contracts is the concession period, during which Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) are responsible for financing, building, operating, and maintaining public assets. The concession period has significant implications, associated with project risk, revenue, operations expenses, profitability, and bankability. While numerous studies focus on determining “optimal” concession periods, fewer explore the factors driving concession periods in national PPP programs, especially for social infrastructure projects relying primarily on availability payments. To fill this gap, this research aims to identify and analyze the effect of various potential factors on the length of the concession period, using linear regression analysis on a data set of healthcare PPP projects in Italy. This research theoretically contributes to understanding the driving factors of concession periods in PPP projects and provides insights for a balanced approach to PPP project planning and regulation and related strategies. On the practical side, decision makers can negotiate optimized concession periods, ensuring successful and sustainable public infrastructure projects.

Role of Public-Private Partnerships in Strengthening Pakistan's Healthcare System

Pakistan's healthcare system stands at a critical juncture, facing challenges that demand innovative solutions. Among these, the role of public-private partnerships (PPPs) emerges as a promising avenue to bridge gaps, enhance service delivery, and transform the healthcare landscape. The collaboration between public and private sectors has the potential to bring together diverse expertise, resources, and perspectives, ultimately leading to a more resilient and effective healthcare system.
 In a country where public healthcare resources often struggle to meet the demands of a growing population, PPPs offer a strategic approach. Private sector entities, with their operational efficiency and investment capabilities, can inject vitality into the system. The provision of healthcare services, infrastructure development, and technology implementation are areas where PPPs can make a substantial impact. This synergy allows the public sector to leverage the strengths of the private sector while ensuring equitable access to quality healthcare services for all citizens.
 However, successful PPPs in healthcare necessitate careful planning, transparent frameworks, and clear delineation of roles and responsibilities. Balancing financial viability with social responsibility remains a challenge. It is essential to strike a harmonious equilibrium where the interests of both sectors converge for the greater good. Moreover, effective governance and regulatory oversight are crucial to prevent any compromise on healthcare quality or ethics.
 As Pakistan strives to achieve its healthcare development goals, lessons from successful PPP models globally can offer valuable insights. These models emphasize collaboration built on trust, open communication, and a shared vision. By fostering an environment that encourages innovation and collaboration, Pakistan can harness the full potential of PPPs to create a healthcare system that is robust, inclusive, and responsive to the needs of its citizens.
 In conclusion, the role of public-private partnerships in strengthening Pakistan's healthcare system is undeniable. By pooling resources, knowledge, and expertise, both sectors can collectively address the challenges that have long impeded the nation's healthcare progress. A well-structured and ethically sound approach to PPPs can pave the way for a future where quality healthcare services are accessible to all, setting Pakistan on a transformative path toward healthier communities and improved well-being.

The public-private partnershipsin healthcare sector in China.

This manuscript is a narrative review on experience in the healthcare public-private partnerships (PPP) field project in China. The PPP model allows healthcare officials to share the risk of building new facilities with the private sector. The objective of this study is to evaluate and to review the PPP of healthcare sector in China, and to investigate the critical success factors and best practice of PPP. We adapted the PPP evaluation framework of the World Bank Independent Evaluation Group as our conceptual framework to summarize the literatures. The current study systematically reviewed the evolution and current status of public and private hospitals development in China, and to investigate factors related to the successful and less successful deployment and performance of PPP in the healthcare sector of China, and to develop best practice models of PPP among hospitals of China. We found that the PPP organizations providing finance and political risk coverage, thus enabling specific PPP transactions to reach financial closure-potentially setting demonstration effects. Such PPPs may then contribute to improving access to infrastructure and social services, which drives economic growth and other optimal outcomes.

A network-based model for the assessment of success in PPP healthcare projects

With the objectives including the reduction of whole life costs, increasing construction and operation efficiencies and enhancing service quality, Public-Private Partnership (PPP) schemes have been increasingly used in healthcare projects throughout the world. Besides its advantages, several issues were reported in the literature regarding the success of healthcare PPPs. Poor project performance is a key concern, while performance is determined by the occurrence of multiple interrelated factors. In this study, it was aimed to develop a network-based success model for PPP healthcare projects, which encompasses the whole project life cycle and various project dimensions, by considering the interdependence among the Critical Success Factors (CSFs). A framework comprised of 33 CSFs organized in six groups was proposed based on the findings of an extensive literature review and semi-structured expert interviews. Project success was modeled with the Analytic Network Process (ANP) through three group discussion sessions held with experts from the private sector. The model was tested via the assessment of two real projects’ performance by the experts. The proposed model, which is a unique attempt in this area, can be used by decision-makers during the pre-tender, planning and execution phases of a PPP healthcare project to develop strategies for performance improvement.

The Financial Architecture of Turkish Healthcare PPPs

Turkey's Healthcare Transformation Program has successfully leveraged Public-private partnerships (PPPs) to address the growing demand for infrastructure funding in the healthcare sector. Before the Covid-19 pandemic struck Turkey, the influx of private capital played a crucial role in expediting the construction and upgrading of healthcare facilities. This timely collaboration between the public and private sectors not only expanded the capacity and capabilities of the healthcare system but also ensured its readiness to address the increasing demands caused by the pandemic. This paper examines the financial aspects of healthcare PPPs in Turkey, shedding light on the economic implications, payment mechanisms, and financial sustainability of these partnerships. By emphasizing the financial mechanisms and hurdles unique to the Turkish situation, the intention of this paper is to provide valuable insights to policymakers, researchers, and practitioners engaged in healthcare infrastructure projects and present viewpoints on the broader debate concerning the long-term viability of PPP models in comparable environments.

Observational study of the clinical performance of a public-private partnership national referral hospital network in Lesotho: Do improvements last over time?

Public-private partnerships (PPP) may increase healthcare quality but lack longitudinal evidence for success. The Queen 'Mamohato Memorial Hospital (QMMH) in Lesotho is one of Africa's first healthcare PPPs. We compare data from 2012 and 2018 on capacity, utilization, quality, and outcomes to understand if early documented successes have been sustained using the same measures over time. In this observational study using administrative and clinical data, we assessed beds, admissions, average length of stay (ALOS), outpatient visits, and patient outcomes. We measured triage time and crash cart stock through direct observation in 2013 and 2020. Operational hospital beds increased from 390 to 410. Admissions decreased (-5.3%) while outpatient visits increased (3.8%). ALOS increased from 5.1 to 6.5 days. Occupancy increased from 82% to 99%; half of the wards had occupancy rates ≥90%, and Neonatal ward occupancy was 209%. The proportion of crash cart stock present (82.9% to 73.8%) and timely triage (84.0% to 27.6%) decreased. While overall mortality decreased (8.0% to 6.5%) and neonatal mortality overall decreased (18.0% to 16.3%), mortality among very low birth weight neonates increased (30.2% to 36.8%). Declines in overall hospital mortality are promising. Yet, continued high occupancy could compromise infection control and impede response to infections, such as COVID-19. High occupancy in the Neonatal ward suggests that the population need for neonatal care outpaces QMMH capacity; improvements should be addressed at the hospital and systemic levels. The increase in ALOS is acceptable for a hospital meant to take the most critical cases. The decline in crash cart stock completeness and timely triage may affect access to emergency treatment. While the partnership itself ended earlier than anticipated, our evaluation suggests that generally the hospital under the PPP was operational, providing high-level, critically needed services, and continued to improve patient outcomes. Quality at QMMH remained substantially higher than at the former Queen Elizabeth II hospital.

Implementation of Public-Private Partnership in the Healthcare Management System

This article states that the private sector and the government can resolve contradictions and bridge interaction gaps through a public-private partnership due to complementing each other functionally. The study aims to determine the elements of public-private partnership development in healthcare and primary conditions for further forming an effective environment for implementing the principles of public-private partnership in healthcare management. This investigation examined the public-private partnership state worldwide and in Ukraine and the prospects for its development in the context of healthcare reform. It was noted that cooperation between the public and private sectors is becoming increasingly social. However, the current practice does not show effectiveness in achieving certain goals. The properties and differences in realizing social public-private partnership projects were investigated. The risks and problems in the implementation of public-private partnerships in healthcare were identified. The authors developed the structural and target model for ensuring the development of public-private partnerships in healthcare. It was determined that the basic conditions contributing to the successful implementation of public-private partnership projects in healthcare should include the factors as follows: political willpower to promote the development and support of public-private partnership; legislative and regulatory system to attract private sector funding; availability of feasible and effective projects and mechanisms for their selection; availability of information and staff needed for project implementation. The findings substantiated that state budget support is essential in reducing the risks of a private partner at the initial stage of public-private partnership development. The world experience showed that state funding of public-private partnership projects in healthcare might vary depending on the project life cycle stage. Given the importance of improving the funding of public-private partnerships, especially in terms of state budget funding for health projects, key elements and possible areas for improvement were identified.

Private partnership in health care: Moscow's case

Public-private partnership (PPP) is one of the priority areas of healthcare development in Russia being considered as an effective tool for improving the material and technical base of health services, introducing innovative treatments, improving access to and quality of medical care. In Russian healthcare, PPP develops within the framework of a unified approach, but with certain specificity, associated, among other things, with regional specifics. At the same time, as healthcare and medical services belong to the social sphere forms of attracting private investors that prove themselves effective in other sectors of the economy may be unacceptable. In addition, the state performs significant social and regulatory functions (budget allocation and asset management), guarantees the quality of medical care for the citizens of the country. The business seeks to profit from its investments, to increase its share in the service market. Therefore, the success of a PPP largely depends on how optimally the functions of partners (government and business) are combined in the implementation of joint projects. The article analyses existing PPP projects in healthcare in the city of Moscow, as well as the practice of functioning of health services created on the basis of PPP. In the first part of the article, the authors analyze the specifics of promoting PPPs in Russian healthcare at both federal and regional levels. The second part provides an overview of innovative PPP projects in Moscow followed by a discussion of specific projects, peculiarities of their formation and modern state, analysis of the main problems of further development of PPPs in health care in Moscow

Public-private partnership in health care organizations. How to cope with complexity issues: a comparative case-study between Italy and the US

Purpose Health-care systems around the globe share several pressing challenges – including increasing costs and patient outcomes. Innovative arrangements, such as public–private partnerships (PPP) can be adopted to help address these challenges. Although the promise of PPPs is great, so are its peril if the arrangements are not managed and regulated adequately through the contracting process. Yet, PPP arrangements can introduce their own unique set of problems. This paper aims to analyze how PPPs contracting accounts for three major problems identified reviewing the: performance measurement and audit; determination of compensation and risk management–related issues. Design/methodology/approach The authors used a case study approach to analyze contracting among health-care PPPs in two countries: Italy and the USA. With a structured review performed on Scopus database using a keywords Boolean research, the authors identified three recurring major issues to investigate in two selected cases, one per country. For each major issue, the authors defined several sub-issues retrieved from a widely used institutional framework. In each sub-issue, a documental analysis on all published information related to the signed contract has been performed identifying the approaches used by the two organizations. Findings The authors find that PPP contracting in the USA case seems to be oriented more toward managing institutional change as well as more flexibility in the deductibility and compensation determination for organizations and providers, suggesting this organization is more oriented to change in general. The authors find that PPP contracting in Italy more clearly delineate the allocation of risk between organizations that engage in PPPs, suggesting a more practical approach. Practical implications PPP is complex. Contracting helps manage the complexity of these arrangements. This case study approach to PPP contracting highlights the variation in contracting approaches across two different countries. Policymakers and health-care managers need to ensure that PPP contracting clearly delineates auditing and performance measurement, compensation and risk management. Originality/value The authors’ analysis sheds light on the different approaches to arranging health-care PPPs in two different country settings. More research should be done to connect these different approaches to important outcomes, such as patient and organizational finances, as well as expanding the scope of countries adopting PPP in health care.

Public-private partnership in healthcare and pharmaceutical sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Interaction between the state and business is one of the main ways to solve the social problems of modern states. The relevance of the subject matter is conditioned by the fact that the development of forms of public-private partnership provides an influx of investments from private entrepreneurs in the field of healthcare and pharmaceuticals in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The purpose of the study is to define the public-private partnerships and analyse international experience in implementing practises on specific projects. The methodological basis of the study consisted of the following methods: system, structural and functional, institutional, monographic, forecasting, tabular and graphical. In the course of the study, the theory and practise of public-private partnership in the healthcare and pharmaceutical sectors, the signs and principles of such partnership were considered. The classification was carried out, the most striking examples of the implementation of public-private partnerships were analysed. The differences between public-private partnership contracts were investigated, and attention was paid to the functions and content of such contracts, including the terms and expected risks. The advantages for each of the stakeholders in the public-private partnership were analysed: the private sector, the public sector, and consumers. The analysis of the current state of public-private partnership in the field of healthcare and pharmaceuticals in the Republic of Kazakhstan was carried out. The practical significance of the study lies in the development of recommendations for improving the forms of public-private partnership for the authorities to maintain state control and comply with the conditions for an adequate distribution of all risks, responsibilities and benefits among the participants of this type of partnership

From paper to practice: an exploratory study of policy making and implementation in alternative forms of healthcare public-private partnership in Ghana.

There has been growing advocacy for public-private partnership (PPP) in healthcare in both policy and academic circles over the last 3decades. However, our understanding of the tensions between the policy cycle and critical organisational trade-offs that characterise alternative forms of healthcare PPPs remains limited. In this paper, we use Walt and Gilson's policy analysis triangle to explore the policy and practice of two alternative models of healthcare PPPs-autonomous and integrative partnerships-at the sub-national level in Ghana, a typical case of a polycentric health management structure. The study is a sequential exploratory qualitative design, consisting of review of four policy documents and in-depth interviews with 13 key informants, comprising health managers from the regional and district health directorates, and medical directors of selected private health facilities. Our findings reveal that in spite of the natural potential of integrative PPP models to present a relatively stronger policy capacity to the private partner than autonomous models, the capacity of sub-national level public-private actors to participate in policy making and implementation remains very limited across both models. We further find that effective policy making and implementation requires significant governance attention to building the policy capacity of actors across vertical and horizontal levels of the partnership, regardless of the model of engagement. We suggest that this is achievable through instrumental multistakeholderism in PPP policy, planning and management. The paper contributes to developing understanding of the policy and practice of healthcare PPP in polycentric institutional settings.

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНИЙ МЕХАНІЗМ РОЗВИТКУ ДЕРЖАВНО-ПРИВАТНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА У СФЕРІ ОХОРОНИ ЗДОРОВ’Я УКРАЇН

The effectiveness of the organizational and economic mechanism for the development of public-private partnership in the fieldof health determines the level of coverage and availability of quality health services among all segments of the population, life expectancy.The need to improve the conceptual, methodological and methodological foundations of the organizational and economic mechanism of health care is of particular importance to ensure sustainable social and economic development of the state.The issue of ensuring the proper functioning of health care is particularly relevant today, given the presence of all humanity in aglobal pandemic, and reflected in the scientific works of many scientists and practitioners.Despite the existence of significant basic and applied research, which is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the use of public-private partnership in various spheres of the national economy, the organizational and economic mechanism of its application in health care remains insufficiently disclosed.The aim of the article is to deepen the conceptual framework and develop practical recommendations necessary for the effective functioning and development of health care through the practical implementation of public-private partnership as one of the key tools for its innovative development.The purpose of developing this organizational and economic mechanism is to create basic organizational and economic conditions aimed at balanced innovative development of health care through the active involvement of private capital and new technologies. The process of building an organizational and economic mechanism for the development of public-private partnership should be systemic in nature, the fragmentary implementation of its individual components will not provide the appropriate level of effectiveness of public-private partnership in health care.

Teleradiology public-private partnerships in Saudi Arabia: a review

Owing to the increasing demand for healthcare driven by population growth, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s (KSA) Ministry of Health (MOH) is actively seeking to improve the quality and efficiency of healthcare services in general and medical imaging services in particular by introducing private sector participation in its first healthcare public-private partnership (PPP) venture for teleradiology. Teleradiology will also benefit the more remote areas of the country that are currently underserved. Through the PPPs, hospitals in the project will have interconnected teleradiography services, ensuring efficiency and cost-effectiveness compared to the current public provision of medical imaging services. This review is based on secondary data collected from various computerized repositories, databases, or search engines encompassing articles, MOH documents, and reports in this regard. This review describes healthcare PPPs and how they will operate teleradiology in the KSA. We further highlight obstacles to the involvement of the private sector in the provision of public teleradiology services.

Making Knowledge Hereditary: Public–Private Partnership Drives Progress in Rare Disease Community

Background: Hemophilia is a rare and complex inherited bleeding disorder in which people may experience prolonged, painful, and debilitating bleeds due to an inability of their blood to clot properly. Although there has been great progress in the management of the disease over the past 50+ years, many important scientific questions have gone unanswered. Further, despite decades-long interest and desire by medical providers and scientists, the U.S. government and the hemophilia community to conduct comprehensive genetic testing to better understand the disorder, challenges such as cost, access, and privacy concerns served as ongoing obstacles. Focus of the Article: To overcome these challenges and address this unmet need, four community organizations and a health communications and social marketing agency came together in 2011 to create a first-of-its kind public–private partnership (PPP) called My Life, Our Future (MLOF) to provide people with hemophilia information about their disorder while also furthering scientific understanding. Importance to the Social Marketing Field: This article will explain how MLOF utilized social marketing to drive broad community engagement, ultimately genotyping more than one third of the U.S. male hemophilia population through the program and opening the MLOF Research Repository, the largest research repository of its kind. It will also discuss the key learnings gleaned through the establishment and implementation of this program, notably the strength of a PPP in health care.

Proactive and Strategic Healthcare Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in the Coronavirus (Covid-19) Epoch

Abstract: The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has overwhelmed many national healthcare systems around the world. In attempts to meet their emergency needs and mitigate escalating challenges, governments are increasingly reaching out to the private sector to form sustainable, public-private partnerships (PPPs). Unfortunately, many of these ad hoc efforts have been reactive and uncoordinated to date. This perspective article thus offers a proactive, collaborative, and strategic vision for healthcare PPPs, focusing on short-, medium-, and long-term proposals that will harmonize strategic objectives and mobilize both public and private resources to combat and build resilience against global pandemics like COVID-19.

[The public-private partnership in Russian health care: the regional aspect].

The health care problems are considered in detail both in the program and non-program activities of the sector state regulatory bodies. The public-private partnership, in particular, participation of private clinics in the system of mandatory health insurance can become one of the effective tools to cope with many problems. The article analyzes participation of private clinics in implementing territorial program of mandatory health insurance as exemplified by the Krasnodar Krai. This is to provide guaranteed free medical care by private clinics of municipalities in the Krai. The regional features of public-private partnership in health care are considered in fairly prosperous Russian region that allow to develop positive scenario. Out of the total number of medical organizations, potential participants of the mandatory health insurance system the private clinics were identified. The analysis of participation of private medical organizations in the mandatory medical insurance system was carried out in context of two main classification criteria: geographical location and the type of medical services. According to the study results, the structure of private clinics of the Krasnodar Krai participating in mandatory health insurance program on a territorial basis is determined. The types of medical care that are not carried out by the selected companies, as well as the types of medical services that are in demand by private clinics are established. The list of private clinics participating in territorial mandatory health insurance program with the widest range of services is determined. The matrix of participation of private clinics in mandatory health insurance system was developed on the example of the Krasnodar Krai.